FLAAR studies both plants and animals (related to the Maya culture). We have over 500 plants in our list of utilitarian plants of the Classic Maya. These we list on our www.maya-ethnobotany.org. In the last three years we have amassed about 78,000 high-resolution photographs of sacred flowers, edible plants, and other species of interest to the Maya past and present.
We also have a PDF listing every single insect, reptile, and other creature which was of interest to the ancient Maya: as food, as a pet, for leather, or as a sacred spirit, or as a demon in Underworld cosmology. So we are working on owls, as you can see below.
Our research teams also admit that we enjoy popular birds such as the toucan. Although most people focus on the more colorful species, the Keel-billed Toucan, we wish to remind ourselves that other toucans also exist, just that they are not as flashy or showy.
So we are now adding notes and comments on toucans, you can visit our page here, and wanted to feature the sketches of young K'ekchi' Mayan students of mountain villages of Guatemala. Later we will do more photography.
Updated September 5, 2014
First Posted June 3, 2014
We are continuing our research on the owls of Mesoamerica.
Owls are pictured in military scenes at Teotihuacan and hence in areas of Guatemala which was impacted by the military strength of Teotihuacan.
Owls appear in many tales of Mayan folklore, especially in the Popol Vuh. And owls are pictured in murals, stelae, ceramics, and on other artifacts. Thus it is helpful to learn more about owls.
Courtesy of zoological parks we are able to get good photos of owls, so we can study their exterior features.
We are also training several Mayan-speaking interns on rendering the owls as characters. Here is a rendition by a 15-year old Cakchiquel Mayan speaking intern: done with a Wacom tablet (first time she ever used a pen tablet, so you can notice that Maria Josafina has potential). Our drawings are intended to be for children as well as adults: we are not attempting to do scientific illustrations (notice this owl is imbibing sugar Cola). We wish to use the owls to present future books about cultural values.
Here is a Spectacled owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata)
We are pleasantly surprised, in the middle of the suburbs of Guatemala City, at 1500 meters elevation, to find a nice specimen of a bat (caught alive, and released alive, by our gardener). The photographs are by Sofia Monzon, of the FLAAR Mesoamerica photo team.
Here is a nice bat which lives in the FLAAR gardens, and came to visit the other day. We will invite Jose Cajas over, an experienced bat zoologist, to help find another so we can identify the species precisely.
Already we raise tailless whip scorpions, and real scorpions; diverse spiders (both inside and outside the office), meliponia (here, very tiny stingless bees), monarch and other butterflies, and a very rare miniature snake (looks like a worm; same size and shape as a worm but with head of a snake), plus opossoms and other local creatures.
We appreciate that Guatemalan bat specialist, biologist José Octavio Cajas Castillo, kindly took the time to suggest an identifation as either Lasiurus ega o L. intermedius, of the family Vespertilionidae (60 species of th is family en Guatemala). Understandably it would take personal inspection, in-hand so to speak, to ascertain which of the two species this specimen was. But to make sure the bat would stay healthy, we released it after photographing it. So we will have to find another to have time to allow José to get to the office.
Jose Cajas says these are insectivorous, amply distributed in Guatemala, but hardly ever available for study by biologists. Thus we are glad to have contributed scientific knowledge.
We do not allow the use of insect spray or other harmful chemicals in our ethnobotanical garden. We will now do additional studies to learn what kind of habitat will make these bats content to visit us, and learn what they need as a nesting area.
The long range goal of this Maya ethnozoology web site is to have one complete page on every pertinent species of creature (that was relevant to the Classic Maya of Mesoamerica).
In the middle of a recession, until a generous corporation or considerate individual provides funding, we will start with pages on theme-groups: so a group of related creatures on a single page.
Then, as funds become available, we will expand and build one complete page for each species. So here are the pages for the groups.
If the link is not a hot link this means the page is still being worked on. As soon as a page is finished we will have a hot link to it.
Themes will be discussed first, then individual species (one by one) later
Water Birds
Snakes
Crabs
Marine Turtles
Bees, mostly stingless
Scorpions
Felines
Vultures
Crocodiles and Caiman
Conch
Fresh water turtles
Wasps
Spiders
Bats
Macaws and parrots
Fresh water snails
Toads
Ants, mostly leaf-cutters
Monkeys
Owls
Beetles
Rodents
Raptors
Butterflies
Other Mammals
Moths
Nicholas Hellmuth holding a catfish that relates with waterlily and also with the maya ethnozoology. Photo by Sofia Monzon, Monterrico, Guatemala.
Which is correct, Maya ethnozoology or Mayan ethnozoology?
Having been at universities for decades, I am fully aware of the difference in meaning between Maya and Mayan. But to assist the reader understand the differences, and the deep emotions that the difference between Maya and Mayan is to the scholar, we have a separate page that discusses whether it is Maya ethnozoology, or Mayan ethnozoology.
Already in 1994 Nikolai Grube and Werner Nahm brought up the idea of centipedes being a model for mythical Late Classic Maya creatures which had previously been accepted as skeletalized serpents. Then Erik Boot produced an unpublished manuscript on centipedes and serpents in 1999. Harri Kettunen and Bon V. Davis II have argued that the Maya creatures are a mixture of snake, centipedes, crocodiles, and even sharks (2004). Although published in 2004 this was a lecture presented in 2000, so they were not able to cite Taube's study of centipedes and serpents of 2003.
During 49 years in Mesoamerica I have learned that studies of the creatures represented in Maya art, in-person, can offer insights not available in even a peer-reviewed journal. For example, after finishing my PhD dissertation which included considerable discussion of water lilies in Maya art, I then spent a total of six years of seasonal field trips to Peten and Monterrico and my knowledge of water lilies is significantly improved. Fortunately my PhD dissertation was also based on field trips in the 1970's and early 1980's.
In other words, if you have the snakes, crocodiles, and centipedes available, in front of you, literally, it is easier to understand their features (in this case especially their dentition, which I assure you is painfully visible when you are physically inside the crocodile or caiman pen at the zoo). The snakes are put on our portable studio table by the helpful herpetologists. And to answer the logical question, yes, the snakes do (rarely) strike at us. Sophia almost got bitten last year. And twice I have woken up with a scorpion on my body (one in a hotel in Mexico; once again while doing field work at Nim Li Punit, Belize).
Images of two different scorpions, near Rio Dulce, Izabal, Guatemala. The centipedes and millipedes we will show later. We have also found another creature that was missed in all the articles about these multi-legged creatures.
Because experience has taught me that library and Internet research (for flora and fauna in Maya art) is not fully adequate, you will see that we are investing in more and more photo sessions with reptiles, centipedes, and scorpions during 2013. Our primary goal is to find the venomous centipedes. Every single person we speak with in Guatemala says they know of large centipedes, but until we have each species on our portable studio table, we are unable to further comment.
All our photographs will be made available to iconographers, epigraphers, zoologists, and students who are interested in these subjects. Please excuse the fact that due to the world economic situation, our budget is rather non-existent, and until a kind benefactor or foundation can assist our field trip research, we may be a tad slow processing the 21-megapixel digital images.
We have abundant information on rabbits in Maya art. Mayanists are long familiar of the role of the male Rabbit Companion with the very female young Moon Goddess. But how many Maya iconographers or epigraphers or archaeologists have had a wild species of Maya rabbit in their hands?
The rabbit you see here is actually the first time in my 49 years in Guatemala that I have seen a native species of rabbit. We are now doing a DNA test on its fur to determine what species it is. It refused to eat carrots or bunny rabbit food, and definitely did not come from a pet store!
Since we are also working on owls, leaf-cutting ants, and felines, it may be a few weeks before we add a new page and new full-color PDF on the Maya Rabbit Companion, but we have plenty of interesting facts both on actual wild rabbits in Mesoamerica as well as on rabbits in stelae, altars, sculptures, ceramic vases, plates, and bowls.
We also have some surprise information on butterflies and their relationship with certain plants of importance to diet in Mayan villages.
