On the walk we did in Tapon Creek Reserve in a tree, our photography assistant Randy Norales observed a reptile. At first we thought it was a salamander but when we observed it well we realized that it was an Orox (lizard). This lizard was near an opilion and in its mouth you can see some legs similar to those of this arachnid, so we think that it could have fed on it. It was easy to photograph it, as it was hardly moving.
Norops es el género que incluye alrededor de 150, anteriormente este mismo género se llamaba “Anolis”. Pertenece a la familia IGUANIDAE.
Their diet is based on invertebrates in forest litter or low vegetation. In which they include spiders, grasshoppers, larvae, eggs of other insects, pupae, termites and cockroaches. A curious fact is that they also feed on their own skin when after molting.
Upon returning from the documentation of species El Rosario community, an area of tropical forest in Tapón Creek, Livingston, our researcher Víctor Mendoza found a vine snake (Oxybelis fulgidus), which was on the trail. The snake was a bit scared but we managed to photograph it. This snake can adapt to a wide variety of ecosystems. From a dry forest to a very humid tropical forest. They are distributed from Mexico to southern Brazil and northern Peru.
It can measure up to 2 meters in length. Their eyes are large, rounded and yellow in color. Its body is slim, brown to gray in color. Its most striking characteristics are the tail and the mouth, since the tail can make up almost half its length, normally the adult specimens reach no more than one meter or a little more. Males have longer tails than females. The inside of its mouth is purple, this is noticeable since when it moves it opens its mouth to intimidate its predators.
The generic name Oxybelis is derived from the Greek words oxy, meaning "pointed" and belas, meaning "dart," in reference to the elongated head. The specific epithet is the Latin word aeneus, meaning "bronze, or copper" in reference to the body color of the holotype (Lemos-Espinal & Dixon, 2013).
Oxybelis aeneus is a diurnal tree species. It feeds on lizards, birds, frogs, insects, and mammals have also been reported. When on the lookout for prey, it rigidly holds its tongue out to sense the prey's presence. As a defense and predation mechanism, the snakes of the genus Oxybelis roll their eyes while they remain immobile, searching for their prey and monitoring their environment. These types of snakes are not adapted to bite large prey so it could be said that they are harmless to humans. According to the naturalist Miguel Álvarez del Toro. Although the bite is not fatal, it can cause local swelling, severe pain, and limb paralysis that sometimes lasts for a long time.
Taxonomy:
Kingdom
ANIMAL
Phylum
CHORDATA
Class
SAUROPSIDA
Order
SQUAMATA
Family
COLUBRIDAE
Genus
OXYBELIS
Species
OXYBELIS AENEUS
When you walk on trails it is advisable to pay attention to where you walk and also try not to put your hands in the trees, since some snakes, such as the vine can be in the trees and could be confused with the vines. The team tries to wear rubber boots but we also have leggings.
When you climb the steep hill up to the lookout at the top, you may have luck and see a camouflaged hummingbird nest. We show this in the new FLAAR report.
At the base of the hill, out in Lake Peten, it is important to protect the local crocodiles.
Although we found mainly lots of interested plants as we hiked up the hill, depending on the time of day and the season, you may see some local birds or animals.
Hummingbird nest is on page 13; all these nests have lichen pegged to the side to camouflage the nest.
We are entering the 10th month of our 5-year research project on flora, fauna, and ecosystems of the entire Reserva de la Biosfera Maya. We are focusing on wetlands, especially swamps, marshes, riversides, lake and lagoon sides. But since savannas are seasonally inundated, as are the tintal forests surrounding the open grassland savannas, we include both under the generic concept of “wetlands.”
We find giant snail shells in almost every savanna or cibal that we hike through (in Parque Nacional Yaxha, Nakum and Naranjo, during our August 2018-July 2019 project there). Now we are finding the same giant snail shells in savannas or cibal sawgrass areas elsewhere in the Reserva de la Biosfera Maya. Although our primary focus is plants and biodiverse ecosystems, we are aware that thousands of years ago what is today a savanna may have been a bit different and used for a variety of purposes.
I am noticing, for example, that most savannas and cibal areas of PNYNN and PNLT (Parque Nacional Laguna del Tigre) have a “ring of water” around them; this ring is sporadic pools of shallow water. Often the humidity is underground but often the water is visible above ground.
Is this “ring of water” a natural result of local geology or soil? We hope to coordinate research with soil scientists and geologists in the future. Our goal is to find the wetlands on aerial photos, hike to these areas, and use our decades of capability of high-resolution digital photography to record these areas. We provide all these photos to CONAP and to the park administrators. Drone photography is needed even more than panorama and macro photography that we already do. We will be publishing our first drone photos of wetlands of the southwest area of PNYNN later this week.
This emotional video shows my reaction to seeing the endless kilometers of this wild virgin savanna area.
I thank the team that did the raw footage: Boris Llamas and Andrea Bocamonte. And Camila Morales of anima.works for the first edition and Sofia Monzon for the second edition.
In the eventual FLAAR reports in PDF format we will show the crab and the snail shell that were found in this part of Peten, far from any river or lake.
On our September expedition we visited several rivers in El Golfete, Livingston, Izabal. Among them was the Río Higuerito, in which we got a great surprise: howler monkeys! We found and documented approximately 10 mantled howler monkeys, which were eating and moving among trees. One of them had her calf on her back. This species is in danger of extinction so we are happy to find more monkeys. We had already seen this species on our May expedition in the Río Dulce area.
In Guatemala there are two species of this primate, commonly called the saraguate or howler monkey. In the coastal areas of the Caribbean, you can find the mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliate), which is characterized by being of black ceded hair and lighter hair stands out on the back, which is why it is called the golden-mantled howler monkey. While in the petenera jungles and Alta Verapaz area we find Alouatta pigra, which is characterized by being entirely black in color. Both species feed mainly on plants of the Moraceae family such as ficus spp, Anacardaceae, Fabaceaee among others. Because their diet depends on various species of trees, they are being greatly affected by the fragmentation of forests caused by human activities. Howler monkeys need to distribute themselves to find food and reproduce, which is why various investigations ensure that the fragmentation of forests has contributed to the decline of their populations.
Family
Atelidae
Estado de Conservacvión
Species
Alouatta palliata Gray.
Vulnerable (UICN)
Species
Alouatta pigra Lawrence.
En Peligro (UICN)
Alouatta palliate at Rio Higuerito, El Golfete, Livingston. September, 2021. Photo by Alejandra Gutiérrez, FLAAR Mesoamerica.
Written by Vivian Hurtado & Roxana Leal
Identified Species by Victor Mendoza
Mirador del Cañon Reserve is located in the Cañon de Río Dulce area, administered by FUNDAECO. In it we were able to document many insects, one of our favorites was a very curious wasp hive. Their colors are yellow with black and they belong to the Vespidae family
Within the Vespidae family are grouped the common wasps that are characterized by measuring between 4.5 - 25 mm (adults) and having colorations ranging from yellow to black or dark blue. Both sexes have developed antennae. Their antennae have 12 segments in females and 13 in males. In Guatemala, 90 species have been recorded that inhabit heights between 0 - 4000 meters above sea level. They build their nests with mud or vegetable fibers. (Yoshimoto, Cano and Orellana, 2015).
Taxonomy of Vespidae family.
Vespidae at Reserva Cañon de Rio Dulce, Livingston. September, 2021.Photo by Brandon Hidalgo, FLAAR Mesoamerica.
Class
INSECTA
Order
HYMENOPTERA
Suborder
APOCRITA
Superfamily
VESPOIDEA
Family
VESPIDAE
Order
HYMENOPTERA
Wasps, bees and ants
Suborder
AUSTRALIAN COMPANY
$1.38
AAD
AUSENCO
$2.38
Superfamily
ADELAIDE
$3.22
XXD
ADITYA BIRLA
$1.02
AAC
AUSTRALIAN COMPANY
$1.38
AAD
AUSENCO
$2.38
Written by Vivian Hurtado & Roxana Leal
Identified Species by Victor Mendoza
